Dear researchers,

I was doing a cutting simulation model. When the material is undamagable(without setting damage initiaion and evolution), I can get almost the same reaction force for the model with or without ALE. However, when the damage model, e.g. hashin model, is set , the reaction forces are quite different with or without ALE .

I am confused, which model is more realistic? It looks like models in most literature use ALE, but I am not sure . Also, looks like contact(surface contact or node-surface contact) will also makes a differece for reaction forces if the damage model is set.

Please help me or give me some suggestions. Thank you.

Yanli.